الخميس، 1 سبتمبر 2011

Arab Theatre Unknown Episode II: (play Saladin)

Arab Theatre Unknown Episode II: (play Saladin) A. Dr. Sayed Ali Ismail
Associated with the character of Saladin is closely linked to the Palestinian cause; the more strained the question of Palestine, wished everyone back Saladin to restore Jerusalem to its owners, and this return varied and formed shapes different creative poetry and story and drama, and became a recruitment figure of Saladin recruitment President in most of the creations literary treatment for the Palestinian cause. In our article we will talk about this unknown person to enter the field of Saladin Arab theater!! Beginning English Brilliance of Arab theater in Egypt - in the late nineteenth century - thanks to a group of Shawwam, were able to spread this art - in Arabic - on a large scale, such as: Salim Khalil debate, Adib Ishaq, and Yousef Al-Khayyat, and Solomon Alqirdahi, and Kabbani, and Alexander joy. . Etc.. Among these were (Suleiman Haddad) - The father of the great theatrical translator Najib al-Haddad, and cousin Solomon Alqirdahi theater - the largest smelting and literary families in Lebanon, a family Alyazjah. He married the daughter of Suleiman Haddad (Nassif Yazigi), bringing both worlds are a relatively Aljalilin Khalil Ibrahim Yazigi, was associated with them and Baalmanma. Suleiman Haddad began his career in Egypt as a teacher of Arabic and French since 1873. With the spread of Arab theater in Egypt at the hands of Shawwam, Hui Solomon histrionics, he left teaching and joined a representative to some of the theater since 1884, until the opportunity came to him to form his own troupe in 1893. Suleiman Haddad wanted to open his band play the first season strongly, especially as he got the privilege of representation at the Opera House Khedivial for a few days, a house dedicated solely to the representation of foreign teams!! And was the biggest obstacle to the opening in the selection of the first subject of the play! Especially since most of the performances - in that period - were translated or expressed, which is the best way to ensure the success of the theater in Egypt. This difficulty confronted by his son (Najib Haddad from 1867 to 1899) the translator of Al Ahram, Egypt, and one its editors, when they chose a novel (Tsam Talisman The) (or spell) of the English author Sir Walter Scott (Sir Walter Scott) (1771 - 1832), a novel tells the story of the courage of Saladin in the Crusades, and how could Nplh and courage to turn enemies into friends. This novel by Najib Haddad Ptribha theatrically under the name of (the Sultan Saladin Racardos with the Lion Heart), and presented by his father, Suleiman Haddad, on the stage of the Opera House on 03/28/1893 Khedivial his band play at the opening of the first. This is how known to theater audiences the Arab character of Saladin in the play for the first time in 1893, and is amusing that this acquaintance came through to see the British writer of the Arab-Muslim character, and did not know the public theater of the Arab in the Arab vision or authoring the Arab theater in that period; because the copyright Theatre did not return after intense, not to mention (a knotty), which have accompanied the Arab theater in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century through the translation and localization and Egyptianization and quotation. Solomon succeeded band of mourning in a play (Saladin) for the first time in the history of Arab theater, and the importance of this offer - technically and historically - newspaper wrote (Mokattam) on 29/3/1893 - the day after the display - said in her address under the title ( Jawq Arab Alooberh Khedivial): "It was a Sunday night, the first five nights of torque Jawq Arab management Hazrat writer Suleiman Effendi mourning to revive the representation of Arab fiction, in Alooberh Khedivial, Like the story of Saladin and RICARDES heart of the lion, which is taken from the story of a famous her name Tsam ( Tlsmon) developed by Sir Walter Scott's famous English, and including some of the historical facts of the era after it acted as required here. has emptied the presence of writer Najib Effendi Haddad some accidents in the form of novels representative, Ucheha notice wonderful and represented yesterday in Alooberh Khedivial in front of an audience of elite dignitaries and writers; Vojad representatives in the representation of the contents of the emotions even Omsina, eyes fastened on to what seems to us of the scenes Caúqh. and hearts with directed to address factors Mtfariqh between sadness and joy; Vkonha mirror reflected the ghosts of representatives and the pictures their emotions and affecting the impact varies according to influences and varied diversity of feeling. He was among those who mastered the acting representative of Saladin; Such Rsanth, wisdom and courage and justice in the parish the best representation, and shred RICARDES known as the heart of lion each mastery is in his bed complaining kbkimbrough pain, has Ngs living and increased he falls sick and Aatlalh what he saw of complacency Kings united with him and retire from the war and the executioner. and did well his sister Julia in the representation of the symbols of love and passion for the knight beautiful chelation hearts as shown by the good statement, when he stood bewildered in his command did not know Ogieb need honor remains in place to guard the flag and those to guard it, or answer great passion and meet the call of his beloved. The Baron lover Julia, delight prayer Bengmath pop and move Alohjan Bonchadh throaty even Dr. audience if the long hours of sing, even if they are all ears to listen to tunes. In short, this night was the University of everything that recognizes the beholder and is pleased Khater He turned to the audience as they praise and thank ". As the play (Saladin) is the band play the opening of Solomon in the mourning days specified in the opera Khedivial, was also the last display concluded the band these days, based on the desire of the public also told us that the newspaper (Mokattam) on 4/4/1893. Despite the success of the band offers; only solution that Suleiman Haddad, his band play the first few months later, he returned again to the teaching profession. Offers other teams Suleiman Haddad, away from the scene, allowing the rest of the theatrical representation of the difference (Saladin), in particular the band Solomon Alqirdahi - cousin Suleiman Haddad - similar reports for the first time on 14/9/1893 on the stage of the national club - a popular theater modest - and after several months toured the play some regions of Egypt, as displayed in Mansoura in February 1894 and attended by the Director of Mansoura (the governor), and Gmadarha (Security Director), and some dignitaries and senior dealers, and Mansura moved the show to Mahala received the admiration of her audience, and told us that Al-Ahram newspaper on 3 / 2 / 1894. Because of the success of the Offers band Solomon Alqirdahi in the regions of Egypt, has established the Directorate of Zagazig scene by having a special for ten performances in a row, and it was a play (Saladin) is the opening ceremony of these nights, which was sold to the public system to participate to see all offers significant reductions provided payment in advance, So tell us Al-Ahram newspaper on 13/3/1894. Although the link play (Saladin) Suleiman Haddad and his band, as the first made in Arabic on the stage, but the spread and consolidation in the history of Arab theater due to Alexander Farah; because it displayed for a period of ten years - in the semi-monopoly of his band - especially after the become (Najib Haddad) writes the first theatrical. This is in addition to a star of musical theater Sheikh (Salama Hegazi) hero Alexander the joy of the task. If we follow the band Alexander offers to play this for ten years, we will be difficult to trace this in this article; so we will refer to some important offers. The first presentation by the Task Alexander joy to play (Saladin) was the first of May, 1894, and was the tournament Sheikh Salama Hegazi, and was held at the Opera House Khedivial. The second presentation was after just one week, and held the theater Abdel Aziz Street (Cinema Olympia, now in Cairo), was allocated revenue supply of Sheikh Salama Hegazi, a method of novelty in that period, to the effect: that the actor star stipulated in his contract to choose the number of nights - thought to be turnout will be big - undermines the entire income as a champion of the band and brilliant star. Because of the success of View (Saladin), the Georgi Zeidan no translation historic character of Saladin in his magazine (Crescent), and put his image on the cover of the issue in June 1894, and noted in the introduction to translation to the spread of Saladin's character among the general public was thanks to the performances (Salah religion), saying that: "He is the Sultan Salahuddin Yusuf Ayoubi, and nicknamed King Nasser, the owner of the facts known in the Crusades, and his story in his wars with them in the house of the holy famous followed by private and public, has written the novels of diagnostic and others to wonder and facts, particularly what came to him the Sultan of business function and the dream of greatness and magnanimity in the heart of his story with Racardos lion king of England and leader of the crusade in the Covenant. " And Special Deals for play (Salah al-Din) by the band Alexander Farah; offer, which was in June 1897 in Alexandria theater Abbasi; where the choir to provide the Italian dances Toukieih between seasons the play, and the presentation concluded with separate representation of Pantomime. As for the play, which was held in November 1897, has elaborated newspapers in describing and success thanks to the clothes bright new appropriate for the characters, in addition to the stars shine the band, including: safety Hijazi, and Labibah Mally, Hussein Hosni, Ahmed Fahim also told us that the newspaper (perfect) on 7 / 11/1897. And special offers to play (Saladin), presentation by the task Alexander joy in February 1898 on the occasion of the feast, where the great singer (Abdo Hamoli) singing between classes play, has elaborated the newspaper (Egypt) in the description of this offer as of 02/18/1898 . In March of that year provided the Task Alexander Farah View (Saladin) in favor of Roman Society in the Syrian-Egyptian Alertodhux the night charity, where the singer maize (Queen of pleasure) to provide some of the songs between the chapters of the show, which was attended by the Governor of Cairo and the Consul of Russia. In 1903 Alexander donation included by Farah View (Saladin) to assist him in the establishment of the railway Hijaz. In 1904 Alexander Farah Task Force presented their offers another characteristic of the play (Saladin), where the troupe after the show moving pictures (Alcinmatogerav / celluloid) of the events of the war between Russia and Japan, and this newspaper told us (pro) on 10/7/1904 . If the band Alexander Farah dominated the play (Saladin) the quantity and quality in the near-monopoly for ten years, there are teams and associations of other representative has been able to make the play at intervals spaced throughout these ten years, an indication of the importance of the theme, and this difference: Choir pleased to Mikhail George, who presented the play in Shebin Bandar Menoufia in February 1896 starring Ms. Latifah and singer Mustafa Ali, and presented again in Cairo in October of the same year and told us the newspaper (east) on 10.10.1896, and presentation for the third time in the same year on the occasion of the opening of his theater new (Abbasid Theater planet) next to Al Wabour Elfrinswe (ice plant), and presented for the fourth time in Minya, for the fifth time in Assiut in 1897, and the sixth in Mallawi in Minya, Sohag and seventh in 1899. As well as by Paul's Choir in September Kurdahi 1896, and devoted its proceeds to help the Italian schools for eligibility, provided again in Mansoura in December of the same year. The choir of young Egyptian national chaired by Ibrahim Hegazy - son of Sheikh Salama Hegazi - the presentation (Saladin) in the Directorate of Rashid in October 1897, and dedicated the revenue to help the victims of the fire in the Rashid, and the show was starring singer Sheikh Ibrahim Ahmed, and presented again in 1902 Faqous singer in the Championship, Sheikh Ibrahim Eskandarani. The eastern literary Jawq introduced (Saladin) in Kom Hamada Championship singer Ibrahim Sheikh Ahmed in March 1903. He also presented the choir of the National Agreement play (Saladin), starring singer Jawq president Mustafa Ali, and presented again in Jawq (Abu Qurqas) in 1904 as the pro told us newspaper on 8/5/1904. The association representative presented the play, the Association of joy literary Alexandria, and submitted in February 1896, and presented again in February 1897 and allocated its proceeds to charity Armenian also told us the newspaper (news) on 2/13/1897, and submitted for the third time in October 1900 Theatre Zezenia and devoted its proceeds to help the families of the drowned ship Oriental. It also offered to play Dramatic Arts Society in Sohag in July 1904. Separated in 1905, Sheikh Salama Hegazi Alexander for joy, and the fact that the band itself independent, able to present a play (Saladin), another ten years (1905-1915) in the semi-monopoly like the team of Alexander joy! This is in addition to the play by the teams and other associations - in this period - such as the choir of the National Union of Farid Awad, Inc. Arab representation, which later became (a band Akasha children), and the Task Sheikh Ahmad al-Shami, and the choir of George White.
Play Farah Antun Under the text of the play (Saladin and Racardos Lion Heart) - the Cart Najib Haddad story Tsam of the English author Walter Scott - is the text playwright approved for all the teams play Arabic in Egypt since 1893 until 1915, nearly a quarter of a century, the Arab public sees Saladin's character through the view of English. The view of the Arab of the personal theater, did not appear only in 1915, when it was a play (Saladin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem) by Farah Antoun, and despite the importance of this;, this play did not enter the history of Arab theater of the door it is the first look theatrical Arab author of Personal Salah al-Din; even entered the door of a legal problem concerning the rights of authorship and representation!! On 16/3/1915 band announced on their representation Okasha Arab representation in the House of the play (Salah al-Din and his conquests) by Farah Anton. In the evening, before the unveiling stormed the theater the police, accompanied by Italian man, proved that the representation of this play from the right, and remove the official documents that indicate this; where he bought the right to be represented by George White, and therefore, the police collected all the copies of the text of the play of representatives The teleprompter! Faced with this strange situation provides the author Farah Anton to the public, and announced that the band will play without text or cued! Indeed, the actors presented the play for the first time, relying on memory, and with good training. The newspaper published the interpretation of the ideas of the incident on 3/18/1915, which it said under the title (the rights of authors and representatives of the attack: a novel Saladin and his conquests, and George White): "There was evening, the day before yesterday in Dar Arab representation accident is pest the public eye to it because it is a related copyright and authors of this statement. The joy of Anton Builder magazine, the University has agreed with George Effendi white to represent him George White the new novel written by the (Sultan Salah religion and his conquests) The books of this agreement contract dated in the month of April last (year 1914) and the agreement to pay George Effendi white to Farah Anton hundred pounds premiums paid in four months, each month, twenty-five pounds from the delivery of the novel as well as to spend the night for the author and that the representation conditions specific and conditions specific. passes years and did not pay a white Effendi of the price only sixty pounds, and remained for the author of about 40 pounds was not a night that is the right of the author, who was not the novel itself, this champion of agreement and avoidance of the contract between them and shows that the Contrato agreement provides for the that the novel are the property of the author and that it was not for George Effendi white but warned Farah Effendi Anton by the minutes of the mixed court that he sold the novel to an Italian and that the author to claim that person the slow side of its price and that the person Italian became the owner of the novel for two years. That's right ownership of copyright transfer to the person in Italy. In the evening the day before yesterday was the deadline the representation of this novel (Salah al-Din and his conquests) in Dar Arab representation, what was the ninth hour evening even entered Almrsh the minutes of the mixed court, along with Sheriff Uzbek required on the order sufficiently urgent matters to obtain all copies of the novel and performance with the actors on the grounds that such copies forged and that the (Italian) impound it. did not get was the representation that the right of representation to the author of the novel and the author contractor Choir Akasha went out the author to the public and the extension of his case and announced that the novel will not copy them or roles. In fact represented a novel and shred representatives ". The matter is not to this extent; where he announced George White on the representation of operatic drama on the evening of the next day to withdraw copies of the band Akasha! Faqamt band Akasha announce the introduction of the play in Dar Arab representation in the party day, and reduced prices significantly; even attract the public, and will not view it to display the George White!! The list has been the battle between two consecutive weeks, and this battle became rich material in the two opinions ads! All the band when you want to represent the play (Saladin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem), the point in the declaration as a play, which with great fanfare. For example, said the newspaper (pro) on 19/04/1915: "(Saladin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem) by Farah Anton is the new novel that has such hype in the press because after the pair stopped the internal representation for information authorized to represent and be represented Choir Abdullah Okasha and his brothers in Dar Arab representation on the evening of Thursday, or Friday night, April 22. " The Journal (News) on 05.19.1915, under the title (the night of farewell in the Teatro Opera): "The choir of white and Hijazi in Teatro Opera Bowl new novel (Saladin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem) on Thursday 20 February, a night of farewell, and this novel The big buzz around it was separated in a statement distributed free on the night of representation and dedicated school students a great reduction in prices. " Since the emergence of a play (Saladin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem) for the joy of Anton in 1915, was revised to read, is the adopted text to all offers of theater Arabic until the sixties, and most important of these presentations that the Sultan Tarab (Munira Mahdia), when she wanted to enter the world of drama - after glory in the world of singing - entered the gate of theatrical representation (Saladin), when represented by chapter, one of them in the Teatro Berntania on 26/8/1915, and told us that the newspaper (news). In 1918, the fact that George White theater French; to make masterpieces plays Arabic in French, and these plays were (Saladin) to Farah Antoun, which was translated into French has been provided to foreigners in French opera Bowl, also told us that the newspaper (Mokattam) on 25/11/1918. In 1931, George was a white official of the Ministry of Education (Education) of the Technical Inspection on schools, and the official training of students to the representation, and through his job of this, the play (Saladin) to Farah Anton by school students promoted knowledge on the scene of a garden Uzbek, the theater itself who witnessed the representation of the play itself, when provided by the Egyptian National team in 1942 in the daytime concerts directed by Siraj Munir. Theatre and the Question of Palestine Tended personal Saladin after the catastrophe of a different trend Palestine in 1948, becoming the main character in employment prolific playwright and representative. The first to tackle the personal Saladin theater - after the Nakba - playwright Abdul Rahman Al Saati, or (Abdul-Rahman al-Banna) - brother of the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood (Hassan al-Banna) - When a thousand of his play (Saladin savior of Palestine) in 1948, was represented in the Assembly of Muslim Youth, was donated by the author to the martyrs of Palestine, saying: "To the martyrs of Palestine of the righteous, and the heroes of the Holy Jihad to save the country the Islamic and the liberalization of the Holy Land. to the Mujahideen and displaced cousins ​​and brothers of belief and Islam, the people of Palestine striving, driven from their homes unjustly only because they We believe in God. I dedicate this story of the history of Islam-Majeed, and this page of the biography of the hero conqueror Salahuddin Gelgelt on the day of crawling, and prepared to work to work with the bombing of guns and Azur aircraft to understand the purpose and raise the flag and hit the targets. and still hope, God willing Macoda, and hope in the Allah Almighty certainly as strangers back to their home countries, and raise the injustice of what their homes have taken the matter of the Mujahideen, and admitted their sons and descendants the biography of Saladin. " After the tripartite aggression - Israel, England and France - the city of Port Said valiant in 1956, and a link to this incident, the question of Palestine, think dramatists in the active participation of art in this event, through the provision of play (Saladin), and the allocation of its proceeds to help families of the martyrs of the city of Port Said; wrote George White a letter to President Gamal Abdel Nasser, which he said: "Mr. President and champion Egypt Amir Gamal Abdel Nasser. make George White under the Oaúkm. the banner of victory and freedom to commemorate the night of a representative scene of the opera is allocated its proceeds to Port Said, brave and displays in common with fellow Champions stage one of his novels national timeless (Saladin conquered Jerusalem), and I hope that Chmloa this concert under your auspices, and honoring to the touch and the note of how the Arab theater in your reign district did not die. The Axbtamoh of your spirit Skipjack young and prosperous not Amahoheme rumors and hearsay biased. Yours, Mr. President, to accept great respect and appreciation. " After only two days came the reply from the Office of the President, have signed Tharifaty presidency of the Republic of Salah Salem, which he said: "Mr. Mr. George White, Greetings, - Referring to your letter dated December 18, 1956, on the request for a party representative that you intend to set up theater of opera under the auspices of Mr. President of the Republic. which will be allocated net its proceeds to help families of the martyrs of Port Said. Navid that bring this matter to Mr. President, and he agreed to the establishment of this party representative under his care, but about honoring the sovereignty of the ceremony did not decide the matter after having given the circumstances present, as well as to link sovereignty dates of other . Yours faithfully. " When the war began the sixth of October 1973, and began to promise victory appear in the outlook, the Mahmoud Shaaban wrote his play (Saladin) in a few days; post it in battle, and adopted the Egyptian Ministry of Culture of text, and quick to remove it on the stage of garden Uzbek Day 15/10/1973, Entry is free and made a contribution in raising the morale of the Egyptian people, and said in their declarations about the play (the play, which reflect the design of national unity and the Arab victory), so the announcement came in the newspaper (news) on the show. This drama directed by Kamal Hussein, and the representation of: Mohammed seven, and Mohammed El Dafrawi, and Nadia seven, and just Almhelma, and Sabri Abdel Aziz, Ibrahim al-Shami, and Mersa woodcutter, and Salwa Mahmoud, and Rushdi al-Mahdi, and Samira Abdul-Aziz, Mohammed Anani, and Hamada Abdel-Halim, and Majdi Kamel.

 

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